Hydrogen Detected in Lunar Samples, Points to Resource Availability for Space Exploration

"Hydrogen has the potential to be a resource that can be used directly on the lunar surface when there are more regular or permanent installations there".

US Navy: WASHINGTON - U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) researchers have discovered solar-wind hydrogen in lunar samples, which indicates that water on the surface of the Moon may provide a vital resource for future lunar bases and longer-range space exploration.

An illustration of the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS, spacecraft and Atlas V Centaur upper stage rocket separation.- NASA

Space-based resource identification is a key factor in planning for civilian- and government-led space exploration.

“Hydrogen has the potential to be a resource that can be used directly on the lunar surface when there are more regular or permanent installations there,” said Dr. Katherine D. Burgess, geologist in NRL’s Materials Science and Technology Division.

“Locating resources and understanding how to collect them prior to getting to the Moon is going to be incredibly valuable for space exploration.” The Apollo lunar soil samples were provided by a NASA-funded research mission to NRL scientists for investigation and testing.

Areas of the Moon’s south pole with possible deposits of water ice, shown in blue. The map is based on data taken by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.- NASA

The research team, led by scientists in NRL’s Materials Science and Technology Division, continues to study lunar surface and asteroidal samples to gain an understanding of how surfaces interact with the space environment, which is known as space weathering. 

Previous testing from additional Apollo samples confirmed the location of solar wind helium in lunar soil grains. “This is the first time scientists have demonstrated the detection of hydrogen-bearing species within vesicles in lunar samples,” said Dr. Burgess.

“Previously, the same team at NRL used state-of-the-art techniques such as scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to detect helium in lunar samples, and other researchers have found water in other planetary samples, but this is the first publication to show hydrogen in-situ in lunar samples.”

The research article was published in the “Communications Earth & Environment” journal on Wednesday, Nov. 15, 2023.

About the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

NRL is a scientific and engineering command dedicated to research that drives innovative advances for the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps from the seafloor to space and in the information domain. NRL is located in Washington, D.C., with major field sites in Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, Key West, Florida, and Monterey, California, and employs approximately 3,000 civilian scientists, engineers, and support personnel.

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